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Iranians’ Attitudes Toward the 2022 Nationwide Protests

February 2023

Political Orientation Protests

Full survey report including methodology

Raw Sample Count: 158395

Effective Sample Count: 1696

1. Islamic Republic: Yes or No?

If a free referendum were held today with the question “Islamic Republic: Yes or No?”, how would you vote?

  • 1. Yes 15.3%
  • 2. No 80.9%
  • 3. I don't know 3.8%
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2. Islamic Republic: Yes or No? (Detailed)

If a free referendum were organized on the question "Islamic Republic: Yes or No?" what would you vote?

  • 50-year-old+
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 19.9%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 76%
    • 3. I don't know 4.1%
  • 30-49-year-old
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 17.7%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 77.4%
    • 3. I don't know 4.9%
  • 20-29-year-old
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 8.5%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 90%
    • 3. I don't know 1.6%
  • Urban
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 13.9%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 82.2%
    • 3. I don't know 3.9%
  • Rural
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 20.4%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 76.2%
    • 3. I don't know 3.4%
  • University educated
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 16%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 80%
    • 3. I don't know 4%
  • Non-university educated
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 15.1%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 81.3%
    • 3. I don't know 3.7%
  • Male
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 17.6%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 78.5%
    • 3. I don't know 3.9%
  • Female
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 12.7%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 83.7%
    • 3. I don't know 3.6%
  • Total
    • 1. Yes to the Islamic Republic 15.3%
    • 2. No to the Islamic Republic 80.9%
    • 3. I don't know 3.8%
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3. Preferred democratic& secular system

Which secular and democratic system would you prefer as a replacement for the Islamic Republic?

  • 1. Presidential republic 28.5%
  • 2. Parliamentary republic 12%
  • 3. Constitutional monarchy 22.3%
  • 4. Other options 5%
  • 5. Not sufficiently informed to answer 16.8%
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4. View on recent protests

Which of the following statements is closest to your view on the recent protests?

  • 1. I agree with the protests and think they will succeed 67.3%
  • 2. I agree with the protests but do not think they will succeed 13.7%
  • 3. I have no opinion 3.5%
  • 4. I disagree with the protests but do not see them as chaos 3%
  • 5. I disagree with the protests and see them as chaos [ightishāsh] 12.4%
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5. Boycotting products

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Boycotting certain products

  • 1. I have done 75.1%
  • 2. I may do 17.5%
  • 3. I will never do 4.9%
  • 4. No opinion 2.5%
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6. Online/Internet protests

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Internet/online protests

  • 1. I have done 65.7%
  • 2. I may do 20.7%
  • 3. I will never do 9.1%
  • 4. I have no opinion 4.5%
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7. Joining strikes

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Joining strikes

  • 1. I have done 44.1%
  • 2. I may do 38.1%
  • 3. I will never do 12.8%
  • 4. I have no opinion 5%
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8. Civil disobedience

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Civil disobedience (e.g., removal of headscarf, writing anti-regime slogans on walls)

  • 1. I have done 35.4%
  • 2. I may do 35.3%
  • 3. I will never do 19.7%
  • 4. I have no opinion 9.6%
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9. Street demonstrations

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Participation in street demonstrations and protests

  • 1. I have done 22.1%
  • 2. I may do 53.2%
  • 3. I will never do 17.1%
  • 4. I have no opinion 7.7%
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10. Chanting anti-regime slogans at night

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Chanting anti-regime slogans at night

  • 1. I have done 22.2%
  • 2. I may do 46.2%
  • 3. I will never do 20.9%
  • 4. I have no opinion 10.8%
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11. Civil sabotage [kharābkārī-i sharāfatmandānah]

Considering the recent protest actions in Iran, which of the options correctly describe you?
Civil sabotage [kharābkāri-ye sharāfatmandāneh]

  • 1. I have done 8.5%
  • 2. I may do 40.7%
  • 3. I will never do 30.8%
  • 4. I have no opinion 20.1%
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12. Reaction to Iran’s loss to the USA

What was your reaction to the Iranian national football team’s loss against the United States in the 2022 World Cup?

  • 1. I felt happy 46.4%
  • 2. I felt sad 23.2%
  • 3. Neither/I did not feel anything 30.4%
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13. Support for forming a solidarity council

What do you think about the formation of a “solidarity council” (or opposition council), comprised by prominent opponents of the Islamic Republic?

  • 1. I agree, if the council is made up of activists inside and outside the country 41.8%
  • 2. I agree if the council is made up of activists outside Iran, supported by those inside 33.9%
  • 3. I agree, if such a council consists exclusively of activists inside the country 9.1%
  • 4. I disagree and think it is unnecessary 3.8%
  • 5. No opinion 11.4%
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14. Expectations from the solidarity council

What are your expectations of a “solidarity council”?

  • 1. To form a transition council and provisional government 59.2%
  • 2. To represent protesters worldwide and negotiate with foreign states 52.9%
  • 3. To call for protests inside the country 44.6%
  • 4. To organize rallies and protests abroad 35.1%
  • 5. Other expectations 4.2%
  • 6. No opinion 13%
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15. Suggested figures for the solidarity council

Percentage of respondents who chose each figure as a potential member of a solidarity council

  • 1. Reza Pahlavi 48.6%
  • 2. Ali Daei 48.4%
  • 3. Ali Karimi 44.7%
  • 4. Hamed Esmaeilion 36.8%
  • 5. Hossein Ronaghi 34.6%
  • 6. Nazanin Boniadi 23%
  • 7. Fatemeh Sepehri 22.9%
  • 8. Masih Alinejad 20.9%
  • 9. Nasrin Sotoudeh 19.7%
  • 10. Toomaj Salehi 19.4%
  • 11. Narges Mohammadi 18.2%
  • 12. Molavi Abdolhamid 16.4%
  • 13. Golshifteh Farahani 14.1%
  • 14. Representative of Kurdish Parties 12.7%
  • 15. Shirin Ebadi 12.5%
  • 16. Mohammad Nourizad 12.1%
  • 17. Kaveh Madani 11.7%
  • 18. Dariush Eghbali 10.2%
  • 19. Majid Tavakoli 10.1%
  • 20. Esmail Bakhshi 10%
  • 21. Representative of Teachers' Association 9.3%
  • 22. Atena Daemi 8.9%
  • 23. Mehdi Yarrahi 7.8%
  • 24. Firouz Naderi 7.7%
  • 25. Soroush Lashkari (Hichkas) 5.8%
  • 26. Abbas Milani 5.8%
  • 27. Fariba Balouch 5.1%
  • 28. Mir Hossein Mousavi 4.5%
  • 29. Faraj Sarkohi 4.2%
  • 30. Hassan Shariatmadari 3.9%
  • 31. Bahareh Hedayat 3.4%
  • 32. Mahdieh Golroo 1.8%
  • 33. Saeed Ghaseminejad 1.4%
  • 34. Maryam Rajavi 0.8%
  • 35. Other names (suggested by respondents) 8.4%
  • 36. None 7.6%
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16. Western countries’ response to the 2022–23 Iran protests

How do you think Western countries should respond to the recent protests in Iran?

  • 1. They should defend the protestors’ rights by seriously pressuring the regime 73%
  • 2. They should limit their response to publicly condemning the violence 3.4%
  • 3. They should not interfere because the people’s protests are an internal matter 19.4%
  • 4. No opinion 4.2%
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17. Sanctioning officials responsible for protest suppression

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Imposing sanctions on officials who play a role in suppressing the protests

  • 1. I agree 76.3%
  • 2. I disagree 1.3%
  • 3. No opinion 2.9%
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18. International intervention to protect protestors

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Allowing international intervention to protect protestors (applying the United Nations’ “Principle of the Responsibility to Protect”)

  • 1. I agree 74.6%
  • 2. I disagree 2.2%
  • 3. No opinion 3.8%
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19. Expelling Iranian ambassadors

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Expelling the ambassadors of the Islamic Republic

  • 1. I agree 73.9%
  • 2. I disagree 3%
  • 3. No opinion 3.7%
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20. Labeling the IRGC as a terrorist organization

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Proscribing the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization

  • 1. I agree 73%
  • 2. I disagree 1.4%
  • 3. No opinion 6.2%
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21. Seizing Iranian government’s assets

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Seizing Iran’s property and assets to cut off the government’s access to them

  • 1. I agree 70.1%
  • 2. I disagree 3.8%
  • 3. No opinion 6.7%
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22. Engaging with opposition activists and civil leaders

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Engaging with activists and groups who oppose the regime and supporting civil leaders

  • 1. I agree 65.7%
  • 2. I disagree 3.3%
  • 3. No opinion 11.6%
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23. Ending negotiations to revive the nuclear deal (JCPOA)

In response to the protests in Iran, Western governments may respond with the following actions. What is your view about each of these?
Ending negotiations to revive the joint nuclear deal (JCPOA)

  • 1. I agree 61.9%
  • 2. I disagree 6.4%
  • 3. No opinion 12.4%
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24. Trust in the army

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
The army

  • 1. To a large extent 11.5%
  • 2. To some extent 17.1%
  • 3. Not so much 23.8%
  • 4. Not at all 40.8%
  • 5. Don’t know 6.9%
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25. Trust in banks

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
Banks

  • 1. To a large extent 4.1%
  • 2. To some extent 20.2%
  • 3. Not very much 32.8%
  • 4. Not at all 39.6%
  • 5. Don’t know 3.3%
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26. Trust in the police

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
The police

  • 1. To a large extent 8.6%
  • 2. To some extent 8.8%
  • 3. Not very much 17.5%
  • 4. Not at all 62.6%
  • 5. Don’t know 2.5%
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27. Trust in the Supreme Leader

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
The Supreme Leader

  • 1. To a large extent 10.9%
  • 2. To some extent 3%
  • 3. Not very much 2.8%
  • 4. Not at all 78.8%
  • 5. Don’t know 4.5%
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28. Trust in the IRGC

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
The IRGC

  • 1. To a large extent 10.3%
  • 2. To some extent 3.4%
  • 3. Not very much 4.6%
  • 4. Not at all 78.7%
  • 5. Don’t know 3%
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29. Trust in the courts and judicial system

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
Courts and judicial system

  • 1. To a large extent 5.2%
  • 2. To some extent 7.3%
  • 3. Not very much 10.3%
  • 4. Not at all 74.7%
  • 5. Don’t know 2.4%
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30. Trust in the government

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
The government

  • 1. To a large extent 5.1%
  • 2. To some extent 5.2%
  • 3. Not very much 5.4%
  • 4. Not at all 82.6%
  • 5. Don’t know 1.7%
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31. Trust in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)

As a citizen living in Iran, how much trust do you have in the “Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)”?

  • 1. To a large extent 3.6%
  • 2. To some extent 6%
  • 3. Not very much 4.5%
  • 4. Not at all 84.3%
  • 5. Don’t know 1.5%
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32. Trust in the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament)

How much confidence do you have in the following institutions in Iran?
The parliament

  • 1. To a large extent 4%
  • 2. To some extent 4.4%
  • 3. Not very much 5.5%
  • 4. Not at all 83.9%
  • 5. Don’t know 2.2%
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33. Punishment of former officials after regime change

What punishment do you prefer for the officials who were responsible in killings?

  • 1. Revolutionary executions 16.3%
  • 2. Death penalty, if decided by a fair court 28.9%
  • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty 24.4%
  • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 3.2%
  • 5. No opinion; legal experts should decide 27.2%
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34. Punishment of former officials after regime change (Detailed)

What punishment do you prefer for the officials who were responsible in killings?

  • 50-year-old+
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 10.3%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 26.1%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 28.9%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 5.5%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 29.2%
  • 30-49-year-old
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 14.4%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 29.1%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 23.2%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 3.4%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 29.9%
  • 19-29-year-old
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 23.2%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 30.4%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 23.7%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 1.2%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 21.4%
  • Urban
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 16.8%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 29.7%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 25.2%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 2.4%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 25.8%
  • Rural
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 14.4%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 25.9%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 21.3%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 5.9%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 32.4%
  • University educated
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 12.7%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 30.9%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 28.9%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 2.6%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 24.8%
  • Non-university educated
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 17.7%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 28.2%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 22.7%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 3.4%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 28.1%
  • Male
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 12.2%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 28.8%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 24.6%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 4.9%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 29.5%
  • Female
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 20.9%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 29%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 24.2%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 1.2%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 24.6%
  • Total
    • 1. Revolutionary executions 16.3%
    • 2. Death penalty, only if a fair court reaches the verdict 28.9%
    • 3. Punishments other than the death penalty (life or long prison sentence) 24.4%
    • 4. Forgiveness and general amnesty 3.2%
    • 5. I have no opinion and legal experts should decide on the matter 27.2%
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35. Political orientations of respondents

Which option comes closest to your political orientation?

  • 1. Proponent of regime change as a precondition for change 60.1%
  • 2. Proponent of structural transformation and transition from the IR 16.2%
  • 3. Proponent of gradual reform within the framework of the IR 6.5%
  • 4. Proponent of the Islamic Revolution's principles and the Supreme Leader 11.4%
  • 5. None of them 5.8%
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36. Access to survey

On which platform did you encounter this survey?

  • 1. Psiphon 23.7%
  • 2. Instagram 29.8%
  • 3. Telegram 16%
  • 4. WhatsApp 15.5%
  • 5. Other 10.5%
  • 6. Twitter/X 3.6%
  • 7. Satellite TVs 0.8%
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37. Gender

What is your gender?

  • 1. Female 47%
  • 2. Male 53%
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38. Geographical distribution of respondents

Do you live in an urban or rural area?

  • 1. Rural 21.2%
  • 2. Urban 78.8%
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39. Age groups of respondents

What is your age catagory?

  • 1. Between 20 and 29 years old 30.1%
  • 2. Between 30 and 49 years old 51.1%
  • 3. At least 50 years old 18.8%
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40. Education level

What is your highest level of education?

  • 1. Non-university educated 72.3%
  • 2. University educated 27.7%
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41. Province of residence of respondents

In what province do you live?

  • 1. East Azerbaijan 4.8%
  • 2. West Azerbaijan 3.6%
  • 3. Ardabil 1.5%
  • 4. Isfahan 6.9%
  • 5. Alborz 3.8%
  • 6. Ilam 0.7%
  • 7. Bushehr 1.5%
  • 8. Tehran 19.1%
  • 9. Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari 1.1%
  • 10. South Khorasan 0.9%
  • 11. Razavi Khorasan 7.8%
  • 12. North Khorasan 0.9%
  • 13. Khuzestan 5.4%
  • 14. Zanjan 1.3%
  • 15. Semnan 1%
  • 16. Sistan and Baluchistan 2.1%
  • 17. Fars 6.3%
  • 18. Ghazvin 1.6%
  • 19. Qom 1.6%
  • 20. Kurdistan 1.8%
  • 21. Kerman 3.6%
  • 22. Kermanshah 2.4%
  • 23. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad 0.8%
  • 24. Golestan 2.2%
  • 25. Gilan 3.5%
  • 26. Lorestan 2%
  • 27. Mazandaran 4.5%
  • 28. Markazi 1.8%
  • 29. Hormozgan 2%
  • 30. Hamadan 2.1%
  • 31. Yazd 1.4%
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42. Vote in the 2017 presidential election

Voted for candidate in the 2017 presidential election

  • 1. Hassan Rouhani (+ Hashemitaba) 44.1%
  • 2. Ebrahim Raisi (+ Mir-Salim) 26.9%
  • 3. I did not vote (+ blank vote) 29%
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43. Distribution of household income levels among respondents

What is your household’s total monthly income range?

  • 1. First three lower deciles 26.4%
  • 2. Middle three deciles 31.4%
  • 3. Upper four deciles 42.2%
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44. Language spoken at home

What language do you normally speak at home?

  • 1. Persian 68.5%
  • 2. Azerbaijani/Turkic 9.9%
  • 3. Kurdish 6.5%
  • 4. Luri/Bakhtiari 4.7%
  • 5. Gilaki 1.7%
  • 6. Mazandarani 1.6%
  • 7. Arabic 0.8%
  • 8. Baluchi 1.7%
  • 9. Laki 0.8%
  • 10. Turkmeni 0.4%
  • 11. Tati 0.4%
  • 12. Armeni 0.1%
  • 13. Other 2.7%
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45. Type of health care insurance of respondents

Which health care insurance do you currently have?

  • 1. Social Security Organization 47.9%
  • 2. Iran Health Insurance Organization 7.9%
  • 3. Salamat 9.6%
  • 4. Roostaa 6.3%
  • 5. Armed Forces Insurance 2.9%
  • 6. Other insurance 1.8%
  • 7. I am not insured 23.7%
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46. Importance of family

How important is family in your life?

  • 1. Very important 91.3%
  • 2. Rather important 6.7%
  • 3. Not very important 0.6%
  • 4. Not at all important 0.3%
  • 5. Do not know 1%
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47. Importance of religion

How important is religion in your life?

  • 1. Very important 24.4%
  • 2. Rather important 15.3%
  • 3. Not very important 17.9%
  • 4. Not at all important 40.2%
  • 5. Do not know 2.2%
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48. Importance of work

How important is work in your life?

  • 1. Very important 78.1%
  • 2. Rather important 17%
  • 3. Not very important 1.9%
  • 4. Not at all important 1.3%
  • 5. Do not know 1.7%
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49. Importance of friends

How important are friends in your life?

  • 1. Very important 37.7%
  • 2. Rather important 51%
  • 3. Not very important 7.8%
  • 4. Not at all important 2.1%
  • 5. Do not know 1.4%
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50. Employment status

Are you currently employed or unemployed?

  • Total population
    • 1. Employed 45.6%
    • 2. Unemployed 55.4%
  • Population in urban areas
    • 1. Employed 47.4%
    • 2. Unemployed 52.6%
  • Population in rural areas
    • 1. Employed 39.0%
    • 2. Unemployed 61.0%
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51. Important aspects in life

For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life.

  • Family
    • 1. Very important 91.3%
    • 2. Rather important 6.7%
    • 3. Not very important 0.6%
    • 4. Not at all important 0.3%
    • 5. Do not know 1.0%
  • Friends
    • 1. Very important 37.7%
    • 2. Rather important 51.0%
    • 3. Not very important 7.8%
    • 4. Not at all important 2.1%
    • 5. Do not know 1.4%
  • Work
    • 1. Very important 78.1%
    • 2. Rather important 17.0%
    • 3. Not very important 1.9%
    • 4. Not at all important 1.3%
    • 5. Do not know 1.7%
  • Religion
    • 1. Very important 24.4%
    • 2. Rather important 15.3%
    • 3. Not very important 17.9%
    • 4. Not at all important 40.2%
    • 5. Do not know 2.2%
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