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Iranians’ Attitudes Toward Media: A 2021 Survey Report

March 2021

Media

Full survey report including methodology

Raw Sample Count: 20479

Effective Sample Count: 1043

1. Trust in media

How much do you trust the following media's news and information broadcasting?

  • Manoto
    • 1. Great deal 19.5%
    • 2. Fair amount 31.0%
    • 3. Not very much 16.7%
    • 4. None at all 22.5%
    • 5. No opinion 10.3%
  • Iran International
    • 1. Great deal 13.7%
    • 2. Fair amount 39.2%
    • 3. Not very much 17.1%
    • 4. None at all 15.8%
    • 5. No opinion 14.2%
  • VOA Persian
    • 1. Great deal 8.2%
    • 2. Fair amount 34.6%
    • 3. Not very much 19.9%
    • 4. None at all 20.6%
    • 5. No opinion 16.7%
  • Radio Farda
    • 1. Great deal 8.2%
    • 2. Fair amount 33.7%
    • 3. Not very much 17.0%
    • 4. None at all 18.7%
    • 5. No opinion 22.4%
  • IRIB
    • 1. Great deal 7.5%
    • 2. Fair amount 6.8%
    • 3. Not very much 10.0%
    • 4. None at all 73.6%
    • 5. No opinion 2.2%
  • BBC Persian
    • 1. Great deal 4.5%
    • 2. Fair amount 23.0%
    • 3. Not very much 24.0%
    • 4. None at all 40.2%
    • 5. No opinion 8.3%
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2. Social media usage

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– Social media (Telegram, Whatsapp, Twitter, etc.)

  • 1. Daily 91.6%
  • 2. Weekly 5.4%
  • 3. Monthly 0.8%
  • 4. Less than monthly 0.9%
  • 5. Never 1.4%
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3. Use of Satellite TV channels as a news source

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– Satellite TV channels

  • 1. Daily 40.8%
  • 2. Weekly 13.9%
  • 3. Monthly 8%
  • 4. Less than monthly 11.4%
  • 5. Never 25.9%
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4. Use of Internet websites as a news source

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– Internet websites

  • 1. Daily 32.5%
  • 2. Weekly 18.8%
  • 3. Monthly 14.7%
  • 4. Less than monthly 15.2%
  • 5. Never 18.9%
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5. Use of IRIB TV as a news source

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– IRIB TV channels

  • 1. Daily 14.1%
  • 2. Weekly 7.5%
  • 3. Monthly 7.4%
  • 4. Less than monthly 11.6%
  • 5. Never 59.5%
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6. Use of foreign radio for accessing news and information

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– Foreign radio stations

  • 1. Daily 12.4%
  • 2. Weekly 6.7%
  • 3. Monthly 5.6%
  • 4. Less than monthly 9.6%
  • 5. Never 65.7%
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7. Use of IRIB radio news programs for accessing news and information

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– IRIB radio news programs

  • 1. Daily 3.3%
  • 2. Weekly 3.3%
  • 3. Monthly 4%
  • 4. Less than monthly 7.3%
  • 5. Never 82.2%
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8. Use of print newspapers and magazines for accessing news and information

People learn what is going on in Iran and the world from various sources. How often do you use the following sources to obtain information?
– Print newspapers and magazines

  • 1. Daily 1.5%
  • 2. Weekly 1.9%
  • 3. Monthly 5.3%
  • 4. Less than monthly 13.7%
  • 5. Never 77.7%
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9. Popularity of Iran International

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– Iran International

  • 1. Daily 32.7%
  • 2. Weekly 15.5%
  • 3. Monthly 9.5%
  • 4. Less than monthly 9.6%
  • 5. No opinion 32.6%
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10. Popularity of Manoto

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– Manoto

  • 1. Daily 30.1%
  • 2. Weekly 13.2%
  • 3. Monthly 8%
  • 4. Less than monthly 11.6%
  • 5. Never 37.1%
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11. Popularity of BBC Persian

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– BBC Persian

  • 1. Daily 17%
  • 2. Weekly 12.9%
  • 3. Monthly 8.5%
  • 4. Less than monthly 15.6%
  • 5. Never 46%
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12. Popularity of GEM TV channels

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– GEM TV channels

  • 1. Daily 16.5%
  • 2. Weekly 8.2%
  • 3. Monthly 5.5%
  • 4. Less than monthly 11.3%
  • 5. Never 58.6%
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13. Popularity of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)

  • 1. Daily 15.6%
  • 2. Weekly 7.5%
  • 3. Monthly 5%
  • 4. Less than monthly 11.7%
  • 5. Never 60.3%
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14. Popularity of Voice of America (VOA)

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– Voice of America (VOA)

  • 1. Daily 10.7%
  • 2. Weekly 16.1%
  • 3. Monthly 10.4%
  • 4. Less than monthly 14.4%
  • 5. Never 48.5%
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15. Popularity of Radio Farda

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels?
– Radio Farda

  • 1. Daily 10.3%
  • 2. Weekly 14.4%
  • 3. Monthly 10.1%
  • 4. Less than monthly 14.8%
  • 5. Never 50.5%
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16. Popularity of Iran International

How often are you an audience of the following television and radio channels? - MBC Persia

  • 1. Daily 10.2%
  • 2. Weekly 16.9%
  • 3. Monthly 8.7%
  • 4. Less than monthly 9.4%
  • 5. Never 54.7%
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17. Trust in Iran International

How much do you trust the news and information provided by each of the following media outlets?
– Iran International

  • 1. A great deal 13.7%
  • 2. A fair amount 39.2%
  • 3. Not very much 17.1%
  • 4. Not at all 15.8%
  • 5. Don’t know / No opinion 14.2%
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18. Trust in Voice of America (VOA)

How much do you trust the news and information provided by each of the following media outlets?
– Voice of America (VOA)

  • 1. A great deal 8.2%
  • 2. A fair amount 34.6%
  • 3. Not very much 19.9%
  • 4. Not at all 20.6%
  • 5. Don’t know / No opinion 16.7%
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19. Trust in Radio Farda

How much do you trust the news and information provided by each of the following media outlets?
– Radio Farda

  • 1. A great deal 8.2%
  • 2. A fair amount 33.7%
  • 3. Not very much 17%
  • 4. Not at all 18.7%
  • 5. Don’t know / No opinion 22.4%
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20. Trust in Manoto TV

How much do you trust the news and information provided by each of the following media outlets?
– Manoto

  • 1. A great deal 19.5%
  • 2. A fair amount 31%
  • 3. Not very much 16.7%
  • 4. Not at all 22.5%
  • 5. Don’t know / No opinion 10.3%
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21. Trust in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) 2021

How much do you trust the news and information provided by each of the following media outlets?
– The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)

  • 1. Great deal 7.5%
  • 2. Fair amount 6.8%
  • 3. Not very important 10%
  • 4. Not at all 73.6%
  • 5. No opinion 2.2%
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22. Trust in BBC Persian

How much do you trust the news and information provided by each of the following media outlets?
– BBC Persian

  • 1. A great deal 4.5%
  • 2. A fair amount 23%
  • 3. Not very much 24%
  • 4. Not at all 40.2%
  • 5. Don’t know / No opinion 8.3%
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23. Perceived political affiliation of Iran International

In your opinion, which political affiliation best fits each of the following media?
– Iran International

  • 1. Unbiased 17.3%
  • 2. Reformists 12.9%
  • 3. Principlists 2.1%
  • 4. Opposed to the Islamic Republic 40.6%
  • 5. Don’t know 27.1%
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24. Perceived political affiliation of Manoto

In your opinion, which political affiliation best fits each of the following media?
– Manoto

  • 1. Unbiased 16%
  • 2. Reformists 8.3%
  • 3. Principlists 2.7%
  • 4. Opposed to the Islamic Republic 50.6%
  • 5. No opinion 22.4%
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25. Perceived political affiliation of Radio Farda

In your opinion, which political affiliation best fits each of the following media?
– Radio Farda

  • 1. Unbiased 15.2%
  • 2. Reformists 10.2%
  • 3. Principlists 2.2%
  • 4. Opposed to the Islamic Republic 34.8%
  • 5. No opinion 37.4%
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26. Perceived political affiliation of VOA Persian

In your opinion, which political affiliation best fits each of the following media?
– VOA Persian

  • 1. Unbiased 12%
  • 2. Reformists 9.8%
  • 3. Principlists 3%
  • 4. Opposed to the Islamic Republic 45%
  • 5. No opinion 30.2%
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27. Perceived political affiliation of BBC Persian

In your opinion, which political affiliation best fits each of the following media?
– BBC Persian

  • 1. Unbiased 9.1%
  • 2. Reformists 30.1%
  • 3. Principlists 16.8%
  • 4. Opposed to the Islamic Republic 21.8%
  • 5. Don’t know 22.3%
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28. Perceived political affiliation of IRIB

In your opinion, which political affiliation best fits each of the following media?
– The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)

  • 1. Unbiased 8.4%
  • 2. Reformists 3.5%
  • 3. Principlists 63.5%
  • 4. Opposed to the Islamic Republic 7.8%
  • 5. Don’t know 16.9%
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29. Popularity of IRIB TV programs

Which IRIB program(s) do you enjoy watching the most?
(You can select several)

  • 1. Films & TV Series 24.8%
  • 2. Sports programs 23.6%
  • 3. Comedy shows 19%
  • 4. News 13.8%
  • 5. Religious programs 8.6%
  • 6. Debates 7%
  • 7. Educational programs 4.9%
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30. Popularity of Iran International TV programs

Which Iran International program(s) do you enjoy watching most?
(You can select several)

  • 1. Cheshm Andaz 24%
  • 2. Titr-e Avval 22.7%
  • 3. Documentaries 20%
  • 4. Emrooz 18.9%
  • 5. Hattrick 13.8%
  • 6. Akhare Hafteh with Sadegh Saba 10.4%
  • 7. Chehreh-ha 9%
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31. Popularity of BBC Persian TV programs

Which BBC Persian program(s) do you enjoy watching most?
(You can select several)

  • 1. Documentaries 22.7%
  • 2. 60 Daghigheh 21%
  • 3. Pargar 14.2%
  • 4. Bolour Banafsh 11.8%
  • 5. Safheye 2 9.9%
  • 6. Click 7.8%
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32. Popularity of VOA Persian television programs

Which VOA television programs do you enjoy watching the most?
(You can select several)

  • 1. Safheye Akhar 36.9%
  • 2. News 22.1%
  • 3. Tablet 20.8%
  • 4. Ekran 4.1%
  • 5. Shatranj 3.5%
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33. Popularity of Manoto TV programs

Which Manoto television program(s) do you enjoy watching the most?
(You can select several)

  • 1. Otagh-e Khabar 37.6%
  • 2. Documentaries 28.3%
  • 3. Otagh-e Khabar with Pouria Zeraati 27.6%
  • 4. Salitak 23.7%
  • 5. Tunel-e Zaman 23.4%
  • 6. Befarmayid Shaam 22.5%
  • 7. Manoto Plus 22.5%
  • 8. Bebin TV 18.2%
  • 9. Saat-e Porsesh 11.4%
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34. Political orientations of respondents

Which option comes closest to your political orientation?

  • 1. Proponent of regime change as a precondition for change 52.8%
  • 2. Proponent of structural transformation and transition from the IR 26.4%
  • 3. Proponent of gradual reform within the framework of the IR 8.2%
  • 4. Proponent of the Islamic Revolution's principles and the Supreme Leader 12.6%
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35. Vote in the 2017 presidential election

Who did you vote for in the 2017 presidential elections?

  • 1. Hassan Rouhani (+ Hashemitaba) 44.7%
  • 2. Ebrahim Raisi (+ Mir-Salim) 25.8%
  • 3. I did not vote (+ blank vote) 29.4%
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36. Participation in the 2020 parliamentary election

Did you vote in the 2020 parliamentary elections?

  • 1. Yes, I voted 26.3%
  • 2. No, I didn’t vote 73.7%
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37. Participation in the 2020 parliamentary election

Did you vote in the 2020 parliamentary elections?

  • 50-year-old+
    • 1. Yes, I voted 19%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 81%
  • 30- to 49-year old
    • 1. Yes, I voted 28.6%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 71.4%
  • 20- to 29-year old
    • 1. Yes, I voted 27%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 73%
  • Urban
    • 1. Yes, I voted 22.4%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 77.6%
  • Rural
    • 1. Yes, I voted 41.8%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 58.2%
  • University educated
    • 1. Yes, I voted 26.1%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 73.9%
  • Non-university educated
    • 1. Yes, I voted 26.4%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 73.6%
  • Total
    • 1. Yes, I voted 26.3%
    • 2. No, I didn’t vote 73.7%
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38. Intention to vote in the 2021 presidential election

Will you vote in the upcoming 2021 presidential elections?

  • 1. Yes, I will vote 12.1%
  • 2. No, I will not vote 77.9%
  • 3. I don’t know yet and will decide depending on the circumstances 10%
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39. Detailed- Vote in 2021 presidential election

Will you vote in the upcoming 2021 presidential elections?

  • 50-year-old+
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 9.9%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 81.8%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 8.4%
  • 30- to 49-year-old
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 13.7%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 75.1%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 11.2%
  • 20- to 29-year-old
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 10.7%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 80.2%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 9%
  • Urban
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 10.8%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 81%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 8.2%
  • Rural
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 17.1%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 65.5%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 17.4%
  • University educated
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 13.1%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 77.4%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 9.4%
  • دیپلم و زیر دیپلم
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 11.7%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 78.1%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 10.2%
  • نمونه کل
    • 1. Yes, I will vote 12.1%
    • 2. No, I will not vote 77.9%
    • 3. I don't know yet and will decide based on the circumstances 10%
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40. Access to survey

On which platform did you encounter this survey?

  • 1. Telegram 51.4%
  • 2. Instagram 28.4%
  • 3. WhatsApp 13.8%
  • 4. Twitter/X 4.8%
  • 5. Other 1.6%
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41. Gender

What is your gender?

  • 1. Female 47%
  • 2. Male 53%
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42. Age groups of respondents

What is your age catagory?

  • 1. Between 20 and 29 years old 30.5%
  • 2. Between 30 and 49 years old 50.9%
  • 3. At least 50 years old 18.6%
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43. Education level

What is your highest level of education?

  • 1. Non-university educated 71.9%
  • 2. University educated 28.1%
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44. Geographical distribution of respondents

Do you live in an urban or rural area?

  • 1. Rural 20.1%
  • 2. Urban 79.9%
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45. Province of residence of respondents

In which province do you live?

  • 1. East Azerbaijan 4.8%
  • 2. West Azerbaijan 3.6%
  • 3. Ardabil 1.5%
  • 4. Isfahan 6.9%
  • 5. Alborz 3.8%
  • 6. Ilam 0.7%
  • 7. Bushehr 1.5%
  • 8. Tehran 19.1%
  • 9. Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari 1.1%
  • 10. South Khorasan 0.9%
  • 11. Razavi Khorasan 7.8%
  • 12. North Khorasan 0.9%
  • 13. Khuzestan 5.4%
  • 14. Zanjan 1.3%
  • 15. Semnan 1%
  • 16. Sistan and Baluchistan 2.1%
  • 17. Fars 6.3%
  • 18. Ghazvin 1.6%
  • 19. Qom 1.6%
  • 20. Kurdistan 1.8%
  • 21. Kerman 3.6%
  • 22. Kermanshah 2.4%
  • 23. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad 0.8%
  • 24. Golestan 2.2%
  • 25. Gilan 3.5%
  • 26. Lorestan 2%
  • 27. Mazandaran 4.5%
  • 28. Markazi 1.8%
  • 29. Hormozgan 2%
  • 30. Hamadan 2.1%
  • 31. Yazd 1.4%
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46. Distribution of household income levels among respondents

What is your household’s total monthly income range?

  • 1. First three lower deciles 35.7%
  • 2. Middle three deciles 28.7%
  • 3. Upper four deciles 35.4%
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47. Importance of family

How important is family in your life?

  • 1. Very important 89.3%
  • 2. Rather important 9.1%
  • 3. Not very important 0.9%
  • 4. Not at all important 0.4%
  • 5. Do not know 0.3%
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48. Importance of friends

How important are friends in your life?

  • 1. Very important 27.4%
  • 2. Rather important 57.9%
  • 3. Not very important 11.6%
  • 4. Not at all important 2.4%
  • 5. Do not know 0.7%
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49. Importance of leisure

How important is leisure in your life?

  • 1. Very important 40.9%
  • 2. Rather important 44.5%
  • 3. Not very important 10.6%
  • 4. Not at all important 2.3%
  • 5. Do not know 1.7%
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50. Importance of work

How important is work in your life?

  • 1. Very important 79.1%
  • 2. Rather important 15.9%
  • 3. Not very important 2.5%
  • 4. Not at all important 0.9%
  • 5. Do not know 1.5%
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51. Importance of religion

How important is religion in your life?

  • 1. Very important 22.7%
  • 2. Rather important 14.2%
  • 3. Not very important 15.7%
  • 4. Not at all important 45.5%
  • 5. Do not know 2%
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52. Employment status

Are you employed or unemployed?

  • Total population
    • 1. Employed 43.2%
    • 2. Unemployed 56.8%
  • Population in urban areas
    • 1. Employed 42.4%
    • 2. Unemployed 57.6%
  • Population in rural areas
    • 1. Employed 46.6%
    • 2. Unemployed 53.4%
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53. Important aspects in life

For each of the following aspects, indicate how important it is in your life.

  • Family
    • 1. Very important 89.3%
    • 2. Rather important 9.1%
    • 3. Not very important 0.9%
    • 4. Not at all important 0.4%
    • 5. Do not know 0.3%
  • Friends
    • 1. Very important 27.4%
    • 2. Rather important 57.9%
    • 3. Not very important 11.6%
    • 4. Not at all important 2.4%
    • 5. Do not know 0.7%
  • Leisure time
    • 1. Very important 40.9%
    • 2. Rather important 44.5%
    • 3. Not very important 10.6%
    • 4. Not at all important 2.3%
    • 5. Do not know 1.7%
  • Work
    • 1. Very important 79.1%
    • 2. Rather important 15.9%
    • 3. Not very important 2.5%
    • 4. Not at all important 0.9%
    • 5. Do not know 1.5%
  • Religion
    • 1. Very important 22.7%
    • 2. Rather important 14.2%
    • 3. Not very important 15.7%
    • 4. Not at all important 45.5%
    • 5. Do not know 2.0%
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